Biodiesel Production Line 18 of the party 5 in plenary meeting puts forward, “ accelerates development wind energy, solar energy, raw material can, water can, ground heat energy, ” of report of nucleus of safe and efficient development. Among them, raw material can be the vegetable of the sources of energy that grows with land of the organic litter such as aricultural and limit sex for raw material, green the sources of energy of production. Raw material can be had resourceful, but second birth, clean environmental protection, low carbon is discharged, store and carry the characteristic such as advantage, and with “ 3 farming ” relationship is close. Be in our country, develop raw material energetically can the sense is great.
One, raw material can have admirable environmental benefit and economic benefits
Dew ground burns straw is banned repeatedly more than, those who become current mist haze is seasonal one of main source; Excessive of cultivate birds excrement and urine is discharged, it is important to become water system and atmospheric pollute a source; Forestry cuts, lave of bucking, treatment is many stockpile, the qualitative industry of biology of hidden trouble …… that makes silvan fire and plant diseases and insect pests can make ” of these organic “ litter and ” of “ pollution source are in harmless change in changing a course with resource, change production to give high-end green the sources of energy and data, add for contemporary agriculture and farmer stop start a new scope of operation.
Current environmental protection, attach most importance to in order to decrease platoon and gram haze. Generate electricity than coal fired, raw material generates electricity the advantage is clear. Give birth to low sulfur of low ash of corporeal solid fuel, of sulfur of azotic oxide, 2 oxidation, carbon dioxide and soot grain discharge far generate electricity under coal fired. According to statistic, up to by 2013, the whole nation already had 28 municipalities that visit town to develop raw material to generate electricity project, capacity of accumulative total approve 12 thousand million is made of baked clay, online n 35.6 billion kilowatt hour. The area of the eastpart part that raw material generates electricity to develop at our country agriculture and economy centrally, 4 provinces online n occupies short for Zhejiang Province of Su Lu another name for Guangdong Province 48% countrywide.
The difficult point that reduces the haze that discharge a gram is the whole nation under more than 50 20 tonnage in boiler of small coal fired. They hard clean combustion, height is dispersive at town, body particle is big, year coal of bad news standard 270 million tons, discharge soot 600 thousand tons, 2 oxidation sulfur 2.26 million tons, azotic oxide 1 million tons. It is good of course that “ coal changes gas ” , but “ enrages ” source pole is short of, cost tall. If transform these boiler hind use biology shapes character fuel, that can present another kind of picture. Raw material shapes sulfur of the soot that fuel heat addition discharges, 2 oxidation and azotic oxide are the same as basically discharge a standard at natural gas, although heat addition price is tallish at current coal, also be natural gas only 60% 70% with heavy oil. In the meantime, use shape fuel heat addition, still can use up ten million ton the crop straw of class, create numerous work station, increase farmer income. #p#·ÖÒ³±êÌâ#e#
The high water content such as the waste residue of cultivate birds excrement and urine, organic liquid waste that processes trade the key that organic pollution source is environmental protection processing, best method is billabong aerification, turn corrupt for can. What billabong aerification falls to make via microbial action in condition of oxygen of be disgusted with namely is harmless change, generation contains methane to make an appointment with the firedamp of 60% , also can purify extract to be amounted to for methane content 80% or the biology natural gas that 95% above, character connects natural gas at general together (BNG) .
Biology natural gas can merge into common and natural tracheal net, also can generate the car that reduces state to use fuel. According to concerning a material, natural gas of every stere biology compares 1 litre of benzine but travel of much drive car the course of development of 15% , price is petrolic 85%—90% only; The harmful gas discharge capacity in tail gas is petrolic only 10% ¨D 50% . 2012, firedamp factory of Europe has much home, manufacturing organisms natural gas makes an appointment with 14 billion stere. Germany arrives 10 years of 2009 from 1999, biology lights gas plant to increase 4780 by 850, installed capacity is covered with tiles by 49 million development covers with tiles to 1600 million, exceeded water and electricity.
Our country values progress all the time rural door uses marsh gas, just begin to promote firedamp industrialization in recent years, just was in in March 2011 the production of biology natural gas that Guangxi spent organic liquid waste to finish the first day of domestic to produce above of 10 thousand stere for raw material with amylaceous factory Gao Nong. Beijing heart green source is mixed Shandong civilian and two large farms part day is produced 20 thousand with firedamp of 30 thousand stere. Day of plant of ethanol of Henan day coronal produces marsh gas 300 thousand stere, basically use at rural heat addition. Environmental protection ministry and combination of bureau of national energy resources began natural gas of Inner Mongolia biology to set an example 2015 area construction. Natural gas of our country biology greeted the spring of development.
According to the Chinese Academy of Engineering 2014 data, our country dimensions was changed 2009 breed cultivate birds excrement and urine to discharge gross to make an appointment with 837 million tons, the firedamp that has 47 billion stere produces latent capacity. If with 1:2scale deserves to wait for other with straw organic litter, have the biology natural gas that produces per year above of 100 billion stere to produce latent capacity, be equivalent to beginning to import 3 times of natural tolerance by Russia 2018.
In addition, biology pledges the production of breed of all the sources of energy and consumptive process are mild, firedamp and process of production of biology natural gas are negative carbon more, and can make plant nurture pledges utmost ground returns to soil, becoming useless to be treasure while, return what can solve a farmer to use can mix add control a problem. #p#·ÖÒ³±êÌâ#e#
2, technical breakthrough makes raw material can emersion opportunity of survival
Water can, nuclear energy of down to of wind energy, solar energy can produce report and hot product only, and raw material produces report and heat already, have solid, gas, liquid more the sources of energy of 3 condition green and green material and product of organic chemical industry, petrifaction ranginging from… to… base the product is much can with biology radical raw material is replaced. Be opposite of fossil the sources of energy in replacing, fuel of liquid state cleanness still takes dominant place. 20 centuries during crisis of oil of 70 time whole world, beautiful Europe and Brazil are being sought in replacing the sources of energy, developed above all wait for the fuel alcohol that is raw material with corn and sugar cane, show the whole world to produce per year amount to 80 million tons. But the amplification as scale of production, deepen with the contradiction between provisionment, the global food crisis 2008 is times mediumer suffer doubt.
Subsequently, the country such as beautiful Europe begins research to be raw material in order to give birth to corporeal cellulose, produce cellulose alcohol with enzymatic law, but long attack cannot, produce cost to fail to achieve up to now commercialize a requirement. Go up in thermochemistry law in recent years, it is raw material with wood fibre element namely, synthesize the hydrocarbon such as kerosene of fuel of high grade biology, aviation and lube kind product and natural gas respect obtained significant progress. This kind of method extended the raw material origin of biology the sources of energy greatly, reduced raw material cost, the raw material that also avoided fuel alcohol is restricted compare with small mix into (10% ) limitation, it is raw material the revolution of a milepost type. Exciting is, our country already had an enterprise to go in world front row on the commanding elevation that this technology innovates.
Wuhan sunshine triumphant enlighten demonstrative product line already ran the high-end biology fuel that limited company of new energy group is raw material with wood fibre element 3 years continuously, additional two manufacturers that produce per year 300 thousand tons of dimensions are being built, its technology level occupies world front row. In addition, group of arrogant of Inner Mongolia gold also is raw material with wood fibre element, among the platform compound with change an acetyl third acid successfully to wait important body, can derive kerosene of biology derv, benzine, aviation to wait for high-end biology liquid fuel, and couplet produces a variety of live thing base product of careful chemical industry, built two to produce per year the manufacturer that can mix 80 thousand tons for 100 thousand tons respectively 2012 at was being mixed 2009. Investment of this one project green of process of forthright of working procedure of low, treatment, production, it is a of our country Promethean achievement. #p#·ÖÒ³±êÌâ#e#
Above the breakthrough of two technologies, make the wood fibre element that is not grain OK replace starch kind with grease kind as raw material, produce biology liquid fuel of high end, the limit sex land that makes our country yields big pieces without economy thereby can make field of raw material oil gas. Investigate a data according to the land that ministry of land natural resources was based on prefectural class 2014, the limit sex land that our country has grass of appropriate forest appropriate 10 thousand hectare. That is to say, this is area of a totaller than the whole nation farmland is large still, never cropland of dried up green oil gas.
The environmental protection meaning that these two technologies break through depends on, biology fuel has thermochemistry complex to decrease platoon and gram haze function outstandingly. American scholar the research that in 20 centuries 80 time begin derv to add oxygen additive, the proof adds 15% ¨D in common derv the acetyl third acerbity ester of 20% can make particle of tail gas aerosol reduces 50% ¨D 60% . But, because acetyl third is acerbity ester is main by dextrose or oil base child changes production, volume little price is high, fail to be used extensively up to now. At present our country achieved a breakthrough on this technology, can have accomplished a quantity great value cheap and mix with any scale and common derv match. This one achievement is in try out of Beijing derv car very good to improving tail gas to pollute the effect, should wide and use.
Organization of international the sources of energy reported 2012 say, raw material can be the 4th great energy resources of world, take the world but 78% of consumption of second birth energy; Put forward to controlled atmosphere to warm up 2020 to come true the target of 2 ¡æ , need to raise biology fuel yield 1 times above, among them advanced biology fuel asks to achieve 6 times what show yield. Below the big setting that advances green development in our country, live thing is simple can development is used can say to be well worth doing!
(author: Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering, former president of Chinese agriculture university)