With the acceleration of China's economic construction, the increase in factories and vehicles, waste oil regeneration is a relatively popular project in recent years, but most people in the project approval, process selection, and construction process has no experience, so that we detours , The following I have to build the process of my initial experience to be summed up, inaccurate place to see experts criticized the correction. First, the selection of the process route.
To build waste lubricating oil regeneration device, the first task for the selection of the process route, with the process route have the next step feasibility study, in order to carry out profit analysis, as well as the design and construction of the project, so the selection of the process line is essential , So the following details of the existing process routes in China.
Waste lubricating oil regeneration process divided into the following four:
Pretreatment – distillation – refining – reconciliation
Some waste oil only one step or a few steps, such as some of the plant's waste oil process can only be refined with clay, this article does not elaborate, this article focuses on the general black waste oil regeneration process
1, the pretreatment part
Pretreatment part of the main filter, flocculation, mainly by the following:
(1) simple filter
(2) Acid flocculant
(3) Alkaline flocculant
(4) organic flocculant or compound
Simple filter on the follow-up distillation equipment is not demanding the situation is feasible, the advantages of less investment, the shortcomings of the subsequent distillation equipment requirements are more stringent does not apply, such as thin film evaporation or molecular distillation, easy to coke. Acid flocculant corrosion equipment, alkaline flocculant caused by increased oil viscosity, easy to plug the pipeline. Organic flocculant cost is high, in short, a variety of flocculants have their own advantages and disadvantages, how to choose the main behind the distillation process.
2, distillation part
Distillation process commonly used in the following domestic:
(1) kettle distillation
The simplest kettle distillation is prohibited by the state of small coking, but now there are still a large number of the country, initially cracked with diesel, a simple vacuum that is to produce lubricants, this process advantages: simple operation, small investment. Disadvantages: poor product quality, equipment, easy coking, low yield.
(2) atmospheric and vacuum distillation
Reference to conventional refining process, the use of tube furnace plus fractionation tower, vacuum distillation of base oil. This is the petrochemical enterprises common atmospheric and vacuum distillation, the advantages of this process: the process is mature, the general production is relatively large. Disadvantages: furnace tube easy to coke, low vacuum, high temperature, low yield, poor product quality. In particular, the furnace tube coking problem is difficult to avoid.
(3) molecular distillation or thin film evaporation
In recent years, a number of domestic molecular distillation process, after several years of practice, there are advantages and disadvantages, the advantages of high vacuum, low distillation temperature, distillation process products are not cracked. Disadvantages: easy coking. Product carrying serious.
(4) Chinese characteristics KTI distillation process.
Foreign waste lubricating oil regeneration process, China's application of the KTI process, why call the Chinese characteristics, the reasons and foreign KTI is different, the essence is the above (2) atmospheric distillation and (3) the combination of molecular distillation. However, the quality of waste oil in China and the developed countries are different, poor quality, serious deterioration of the process in the country there are still serious coking problems. Although I advocate the use of this process, but must solve the problem of coking.
Specific selection of the kind of technology, and the unit strength has a great relationship, such as some of our individual, the shortage of funds only choose to invest in the province of the largest kettle distillation, if the formal company, to the approval process of kettle distillation is not appropriate, Considering.
3, refined part
Domestic lubricating oil refining mainly in the following;
(1) acid-base washing clay technology: the oldest and most mature technology, although the state prohibits acid-base washing, but there are still many manufacturers of acid and alkali washing in the application, the main reason is that acid and alkali washing is the most simple all the refining process , The lowest cost of the process, and the use of appropriate methods, product quality is also very good, so that acid value and demulsification qualified.
(2) solvent refining: solvent refining is also commonly used method, the color is better. But the process is slightly complicated, the production cost is slightly higher.
(3) hydrorefining: developed countries are generally used hydrotreating process, the advantages and disadvantages of this process are obvious, the product quality is the best of the three kinds of refining. Shortcomings investment, high production costs.
4, to reconcile some of the more simple, no longer say here.
Above a variety of processes in the country have production, and have their own advantages and disadvantages. Specific selection of the kind of technology, there are units according to their actual situation selected. In this only introduce the advantages and disadvantages of each process to reduce the blindness of the selection process.
Second, the project feasibility study and environmental assessment
Once the process has been carefully evaluated, it is necessary to carry out the feasibility study and EIA of the project. Some units think this is not important. In fact, any of our companies have conducted a feasibility study when they selected the project.
(1) the development prospects of the project
(2) the return on investment of the project
(3) project safety and environmental pollution
(4) the advantages and disadvantages of the unit in this project
Any of these units will be considered before the construction of the problem, although not as reported as the format clause, but this one is essential.
On the EIA in this focus on the following points:
(1) do not arbitrarily do an EIA, some units that the EIA is to deal with government agencies, and some have not yet selected in the process to do the blind EIA, EIA online to find a process to deal with the first pass, the domestic precedent, due to Construction process changes, only to do re-assessment.
(2) the construction site is also very important, there must be three points must pay attention to the first population from the residential area of more than 800 meters, the second can not be close to the water source, the third best built in the industrial development zone, although this is not expressly provided, Is the Environmental Protection Agency unwritten provisions.
Third, the project approval and filing
Project approval for the record is relatively simple, but also note that the project investment should not be too small, too small one is the local government feel no much significance to the local development, not active, another small investment, the corresponding investment in environmental protection facilities, the local government is also afraid Causing pollution, so the general report of the project should be the amount of investment to expand several times or even ten times, into an unwritten rule.
Fourth, the design of the project
The design of the project is also very important, some units do not attach importance to, for example, in order to save investment equipment casually old, and some know about the process, see how others on how the results of others started normal, built their own equipment, high energy consumption Yield is low, and some can not even start into a pile of scrap metal. So the project design must take the following steps.
(1) the process must be simulated, it is also very important, the domestic general use of software aspen or proii simulation, simulation is to ensure that the device is completed after the optimization of the foundation, although the theoretical calculation is not necessarily very accurate, but the ratio Some people shoot their heads much stronger. In recent years, waste oil recycling market is also good enough to see the problem, with the waste oil regeneration device increased, a few years later will intensify competition, when the device will not see the high energy consumption, low yield shortcomings.
(2) do not only believe that the theoretical calculation, some university professors and scholars, the theory is very strong, but lack of experience, according to the domestic general process design, resulting in the device coking or serious clogging, the device can not start, of course, here is not to teach experts, Some professors and experts are indeed more powerful, here is just that do not rely solely on the theory.
(3) equipment has to go through the strength calculation, because the waste lubrication regeneration device are under the negative pressure operation, some units started the equipment to hold back, which certainly did not calculate the domestic commonly used equipment calculation software SW6.
(4) project design is what the standard is also very important, there are petrochemical specifications referred to as petrochemical regulations, but also the Ministry of Construction norms referred to as regulations, petrochemical specifications demanding, the corresponding safety distance and other requirements, according to petrochemical construction is necessary to increase investment The But according to the rules and regulations of the safety supervision department will find trouble, early communication, not only save investment, but also save unnecessary trouble.
(5) safe distance is essential, no device can not be completed after the acceptance, not according to the norms of construction, who did not dare to sign the acceptance, which requires the construction of certain drawings must have a lot of professionals and checks.
Fifth, the project construction and production
The construction of the project should pay attention to the following aspects:
1, not in order to save investment free old equipment, equipment, size and benefit to be calculated for the job, do not trust the soil experts arbitrarily old equipment.
2, to find someone to review the design, such as the framework, equipment, civil, etc., most of the design institute will be selected according to the safety factor high line, so that the design of the security, unexpectedly caused a waste of investment, simple audit sometimes greatly reduced investment.
3, the project construction safety projects can not be the default, such as fire, once the problem regret too late.
4, equipment procurement and construction do not seek cheap, because the waste oil regeneration device in the negative pressure operation, and some high degree of vacuum to reach a few Pa, once a welding leak, inspection is very difficult.
5, the production workers to be flexible, chemical equipment is generally not heavy physical labor, once the problem can be flexible and rapid treatment.
Six, waste oil regeneration device construction errors
According to the status of domestic waste oil construction, the following points should be noted:
1, blindly pursue the most advanced technology, some boss is not short of money, want to build the device can understand, but the Chinese patent, some of China's advanced technology to be practical. And then do not put the device into a pile of scrap metal, and built a pile of scrap iron is also very common. I think that should be in the case of environmental requirements to meet, how the lowest energy consumption, the highest yield, the largest return on investment, is the pursuit of business goals.
2, the other extreme, should not save the investment to save, after the start of the product is not found poor quality (such as flash point failure, viscosity smaller, etc.), that is, equipment is full of problems, once completed and re-transformation not only spend money And the device is not optimized, regret too late, hundreds of thousands of equipment certainly can not be compared with millions of devices.
3, do not obey the technology transfer side flicker, for example, some of its technology that do not acid pickling, only clay can be refined, then other aspects of it? Such as yield, energy consumption, comprehensive benefits? Another example is that people say to spend hundreds of thousands can be built waste oil regeneration device, then, how the quality? What can the EIA security pass?
Above is my practice of waste oil construction summary, there may be a lot of imperfections, hope that the experts criticized the correction, but if you can part of the new waste lubricants regeneration unit or individual help is my greatest comfort.